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Summary

Short Citation
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2024: Pacific Hake - Growth and natal origin of Pacific hake from the Georgia Basin DPS, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/18610.
Full Citation Examples

Abstract

Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) is an abundant species residing along the Pacific coast from the Gulf of California to the Strait of Georgia. It is the most common groundfish in the California Current ecosystem (Helser et al. 2008). In Puget Sound, however, Pacific hake populations have declined dramatically in the past three decades (Figure 1), leading to a closure of the fishery in 1990 (Gustafson et al. 2000) and a designation by NOAA Fisheries as a Species of Concern in 1999. Because Pacific hake feed on a variety of fishes and invertebrates, and are an important prey item (for sea lions, small cetaceans, and dogfish sharks), the decline of this mid-trophic level component has important ramifications for the functioning of the Puget Sound ecosystem.

Puget Sound Pacific hake are classified as part of the Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segment (DPS), which is discrete from the highly migratory coastal DPS (Figure 2a). The Biological Review Team (BRT) that reviewed the status of the Georgia Basin DPS noted that in addition to the decline in Puget Sound hake abundance, another cause for concern was a marked decrease in mean hake size and age at maturity (Gustafson et al. 2000). In contrast, these patterns were not observed as strongly in the Strait of Georgia populations (King and McFarlane 2006), which are also part of the Georgia Basin DPS. The BRT were also concerned by uncertainties in the extent of mixing among stocks of the Georgia Basin DPS (Gustafson et al. 2000). This issue is important because if mixing is limited, then the problems faced by the Puget Sound stock are more important for its potential recovery.

Puget Sound hake spawn in large aggregations in a few distinct locations, which are associated with sources of freshwater. Unfortunately these sites occur in somewhat degraded areas, particularly with regard to oxygen concentration. Therefore we hypothesize that the hypoxic and otherwise degraded conditions of these spawning areas have led to depressed juvenile growth, which in turn can have detrimental consequences for the population. Woodbury et al. (1995) found that juvenile growth of the coastal stock varied from year to year and was likely related to environmental conditions. They also speculated that year-class strength might be related to early juvenile growth.

Another goal of the proposed research is to produce an indicator for the Puget Sound marine ecosystem in order to aid in the ongoing development of an Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) for Puget Sound, which is a high priority for NOAA. Ecosystem indicators should be grounded in the ecology of the system, and juvenile hake growth suits this perfectly because it is not only a reflection of the state of the ecosystem, but is also reflects the viability of an integral component of the ecosystem.

This proposal represents a continuation of a project we initiated last year. In our first year of research, funded by a Species of Concern grant, we obtained the following findings:

1) Otoliths sampled from recent years at the Port Susan spawning site demonstrated much reduced growth rates in the first and second years compared to otoliths sampled there 3 decades ago (Figure 3).

2) The chemical signatures of otolith edges (corresponding to the time when fish were sampled) of fish sampled from the Port Susan spawning site demonstrated strong consistency from year to year. This will enhance our ability to associate adults with their natal origin.

3) The chemical signatures of otolith cores (corresponding to natal areas) demonstrated the potential existence of at least 3 separate sources for adults sampled at the Port Susan site (Fig. 5).

Here we propose to continue this research. In particular, due to staffing issues at DFO, we were not able to obtain archived otolith samples from the Strait of Georgia, which represent an important contrast for the Puget Sound population. We anticipate receiving these otoliths shortly, and.

Distribution Information

  • This table describes data associated with each Pacific hake collected by Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO) and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW).

  • This table describes data associated with each Pacific hake collected by Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO) and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW).

Access Constraints:

NA

Child Items

Type Title
Entity Sampled Fish Pacific Hake

Contact Information

Point of Contact
Paul Chittaro
Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov
206-861-7617

Metadata Contact
Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC)
nmfs.nwfsc.metadata@noaa.gov
206-860-3200
NWFSC Home

Extents

Geographic Area 1

-122.2687° W, -122.2687° E, 47.9865° N, 47.9865° S

Port Susan, WA

Time Frame 1
2010-02-01 - 2012-01-31

Item Identification

Title: Pacific Hake - Growth and natal origin of Pacific hake from the Georgia Basin DPS
Short Name: Pacific Hake (Growth and natal origin of Pacific hake from the Georgia Basin DPS)
Status: Completed
Creation Date: 2009-09-01
Publication Date: 2016-07-19
Abstract:

Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) is an abundant species residing along the Pacific coast from the Gulf of California to the Strait of Georgia. It is the most common groundfish in the California Current ecosystem (Helser et al. 2008). In Puget Sound, however, Pacific hake populations have declined dramatically in the past three decades (Figure 1), leading to a closure of the fishery in 1990 (Gustafson et al. 2000) and a designation by NOAA Fisheries as a Species of Concern in 1999. Because Pacific hake feed on a variety of fishes and invertebrates, and are an important prey item (for sea lions, small cetaceans, and dogfish sharks), the decline of this mid-trophic level component has important ramifications for the functioning of the Puget Sound ecosystem.

Puget Sound Pacific hake are classified as part of the Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segment (DPS), which is discrete from the highly migratory coastal DPS (Figure 2a). The Biological Review Team (BRT) that reviewed the status of the Georgia Basin DPS noted that in addition to the decline in Puget Sound hake abundance, another cause for concern was a marked decrease in mean hake size and age at maturity (Gustafson et al. 2000). In contrast, these patterns were not observed as strongly in the Strait of Georgia populations (King and McFarlane 2006), which are also part of the Georgia Basin DPS. The BRT were also concerned by uncertainties in the extent of mixing among stocks of the Georgia Basin DPS (Gustafson et al. 2000). This issue is important because if mixing is limited, then the problems faced by the Puget Sound stock are more important for its potential recovery.

Puget Sound hake spawn in large aggregations in a few distinct locations, which are associated with sources of freshwater. Unfortunately these sites occur in somewhat degraded areas, particularly with regard to oxygen concentration. Therefore we hypothesize that the hypoxic and otherwise degraded conditions of these spawning areas have led to depressed juvenile growth, which in turn can have detrimental consequences for the population. Woodbury et al. (1995) found that juvenile growth of the coastal stock varied from year to year and was likely related to environmental conditions. They also speculated that year-class strength might be related to early juvenile growth.

Another goal of the proposed research is to produce an indicator for the Puget Sound marine ecosystem in order to aid in the ongoing development of an Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) for Puget Sound, which is a high priority for NOAA. Ecosystem indicators should be grounded in the ecology of the system, and juvenile hake growth suits this perfectly because it is not only a reflection of the state of the ecosystem, but is also reflects the viability of an integral component of the ecosystem.

This proposal represents a continuation of a project we initiated last year. In our first year of research, funded by a Species of Concern grant, we obtained the following findings:

1) Otoliths sampled from recent years at the Port Susan spawning site demonstrated much reduced growth rates in the first and second years compared to otoliths sampled there 3 decades ago (Figure 3).

2) The chemical signatures of otolith edges (corresponding to the time when fish were sampled) of fish sampled from the Port Susan spawning site demonstrated strong consistency from year to year. This will enhance our ability to associate adults with their natal origin.

3) The chemical signatures of otolith cores (corresponding to natal areas) demonstrated the potential existence of at least 3 separate sources for adults sampled at the Port Susan site (Fig. 5).

Here we propose to continue this research. In particular, due to staffing issues at DFO, we were not able to obtain archived otolith samples from the Strait of Georgia, which represent an important contrast for the Puget Sound population. We anticipate receiving these otoliths shortly, and.

Purpose:

Addresses Legal Mandate

Derived from other data, Raw/field data, Laboratory data

Notes:

Loaded by batch 4500, 02-28-2013 19:36

Supplemental Information:

Subject to Public Access to Research Results (PARR): Yes

Data: Otolith analyses of Pacific hake.

Peer Reviewed Publication: Growth of pacific hake.

Keywords

Theme Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
UNCONTROLLED
None growth
None movement
None otolith

Spatial Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
UNCONTROLLED
None Georgia Strait, BC
None Port Susan, WA

Instrument Keywords

Thesaurus Keyword
UNCONTROLLED
None Instrument Not Applicable

Physical Location

Organization: Northwest Fisheries Science Center
City: Seattle
State/Province: WA
Country: USA

Data Set Information

Data Set Scope Code: Data Set
Data Set Type: Spreadsheet
Data Presentation Form: Table (digital)

Support Roles

Data Steward

CC ID: 851068
Date Effective From: 2015-10-01
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Chittaro, Paul
Address: 2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle, WA 98112
Email Address: Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov
Phone: 206-861-7617

Distributor

CC ID: 851069
Date Effective From: 2015-10-01
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC)
Address: 2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle, WA 98112
USA
Email Address: nmfs.nwfsc.metadata@noaa.gov
Phone: 206-860-3200
URL: NWFSC Home

Metadata Contact

CC ID: 851067
Date Effective From: 2015-10-01
Date Effective To:
Contact (Organization): Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC)
Address: 2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle, WA 98112
USA
Email Address: nmfs.nwfsc.metadata@noaa.gov
Phone: 206-860-3200
URL: NWFSC Home

Originator

CC ID: 851071
Date Effective From: 2015-10-01
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Chittaro, Paul
Address: 2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle, WA 98112
Email Address: Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov
Phone: 206-861-7617

Point of Contact

CC ID: 851070
Date Effective From: 2015-10-01
Date Effective To:
Contact (Person): Chittaro, Paul
Address: 2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle, WA 98112
Email Address: Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov
Phone: 206-861-7617

Extents

Extent Group 1

Extent Group 1 / Geographic Area 1

CC ID: 851077
W° Bound: -122.2687
E° Bound: -122.2687
N° Bound: 47.9865
S° Bound: 47.9865
Description

Port Susan, WA

Extent Group 1 / Time Frame 1

CC ID: 851076
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2010-02-01
End: 2012-01-31

Extent Group 2

Extent Group 2 / Geographic Area 1

CC ID: 851080
W° Bound: -123.5046
E° Bound: -123.5046
N° Bound: 49.2788
S° Bound: 49.2788
Description

Georgia Strait, BC

Extent Group 2 / Time Frame 1

CC ID: 851079
Time Frame Type: Range
Start: 2010-02-01
End: 2012-01-31

Access Information

Security Class: Unclassified
Data Access Procedure:

At this time, contact the Data Manager for information on obtaining access to this data set. In the near future, the NWFSC will strive to provide all non-sensitive data resources as a web service in order to meet the NOAA Data Access Policy Directive (https://nosc.noaa.gov/EDMC/PD.DA.php).

Data Access Constraints:

NA

Distribution Information

Distribution 1

CC ID: 851073
Start Date: 2016-07-19
End Date: Present
Download URL: https://www.webapps.nwfsc.noaa.gov/apex/parr/sampled_fish_pacific_hake/data/page/
Distributor: Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) (2015-10-01 - Present)
File Name: Sampled Fish Pacific Hake (RESTful)
Description:

This table describes data associated with each Pacific hake collected by Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO) and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW).

Distribution 2

CC ID: 851072
Start Date: 2016-07-19
End Date: Present
Download URL: https://www.webapps.nwfsc.noaa.gov/apex/parrdata/inventory/tables/table/sampled_fish_pacific_hake
Distributor: Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) (2015-10-01 - Present)
File Name: Sampled Fish Pacific Hake
Description:

This table describes data associated with each Pacific hake collected by Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO) and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW).

URLs

URL 1

CC ID: 851074
URL: https://www.webapps.nwfsc.noaa.gov/apex/parrdata/inventory/datasets/dataset/6607
Name: Pacific Hake
URL Type:
Online Resource
File Resource Format: Web site
Description:

NWFSC Dataset Information page. Age, somatic growth, otolith chemistry

Technical Environment

Description:

Spreadsheet

Data Quality

Accuracy:

High

Quality Control Procedures Employed:

These data were collected and processed in accordance with established protocols and best practices under the direction of the project’s Principal Investigator. Contact the dataset Data Manager in section 3 for full QA/QC methodology.

Data Management

Have Resources for Management of these Data Been Identified?: No
Approximate Percentage of Budget for these Data Devoted to Data Management: 5
Do these Data Comply with the Data Access Directive?: Yes
Is Access to the Data Limited Based on an Approved Waiver?: No
If Distributor (Data Hosting Service) is Needed, Please Indicate: No
Approximate Delay Between Data Collection and Dissemination: 0 days
If Delay is Longer than Latency of Automated Processing, Indicate Under What Authority Data Access is Delayed:

No Delay

Actual or Planned Long-Term Data Archive Location: NCEI-MD
Approximate Delay Between Data Collection and Archiving: 365
How Will the Data Be Protected from Accidental or Malicious Modification or Deletion Prior to Receipt by the Archive?:

The Northwest Fisheries Science Center facilitates backup and recovery of all data and IT components which are managed by IT Operations through the capture of static (point-in-time) backup data to physical media. Once data is captured to physical media (every 1-3 days), a duplicate is made and routinely (weekly) transported to an offsite archive facility where it is maintained throughout the data's applicable life-cycle.

Lineage

Lineage Statement:

Otolith microstructural and microchemical analyses

Child Items

Rubric scores updated every 15m

Rubric Score Type Title
Entity Sampled Fish Pacific Hake

Catalog Details

Catalog Item ID: 18610
GUID: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:18610
Metadata Record Created By: SysAdmin InPortAdmin
Metadata Record Created: 2013-02-28 19:36+0000
Metadata Record Last Modified By: SysAdmin InPortAdmin
Metadata Record Last Modified: 2022-08-09 17:11+0000
Metadata Record Published: 2019-06-04
Owner Org: NWFSC
Metadata Publication Status: Published Externally
Do Not Publish?: N
Metadata Last Review Date: 2019-06-04
Metadata Review Frequency: 1 Year
Metadata Next Review Date: 2020-06-04